Maqashid Syariah dan Kosmologi Tanah Papua: Studi Filosofis Relasi Manusia, Adat, dan Alam
Maqashid Syariah and the Cosmology of Papua: A Philosophical Study of the Relationship between Humanity, Custom, and Nature
Keywords:
Maqashid Syariah, Kosmologi Papua, Hifz al-Bi'ah, Kearifan Lokal, Keadilan EkologisAbstract
This study aims to philosophically examine the relationship between humans, customs, and nature in Papua using the perspective of Maqashid Syariah. The global environmental crisis and industrial expansion that threaten the sovereignty of indigenous communities demand the integration of local wisdom with theological principles to form a concept of ecological justice. This study applies philosophical methods with a qualitative-descriptive approach. The findings show that Papuan cosmology, including the principles of Te Aro Neweak Lako, views nature not merely as an object, but as the basis of existence and identity that is bound by kinship with humans. This environmental ethic is embodied in Dema mythology and the sar system of the Marind-anim tribe, which serves as a tool for tradition-based conservation. From an Islamic perspective, these principles align with the evolution of modern Maqashid Syariah, which integrates hifz al-bi'ah as an essential element of prioritized public welfare. However, field observations reveal that industrial expansion in areas such as Merauke has caused environmental injustice that has damaged hifz al-nafs and hifz al-mal for indigenous communities. This study concludes that the integration of Papuan customary cosmology with Maqashid Syariah (Islamic Law) produces a more human-oriented and eco-centric development model, recognizing customary rights and the sacredness of nature as primary requirements for the sustainability of human life.
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